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Saint Anthony was born in Lisbon towards the end of the twelfth century. He joined the Canons Regular of Saint Augustine and was ordained a priest, but soon afterwards he transferred to the Franciscans in order to spread the faith in Africa. However it was in France and Italy that he won renown as a preacher. He was responsible for converting many heretics and was the first to teach theology to the friars. The sermons he wrote are full of doctrine and very readable. He died at Padua in 1231. He was canonized in 1232 by Pope Gregory IX, who said in his sermon that he was the "Doctor Optime", but it was only in 1946 that Pope Pius XII declared him officially a Doctor of the Church.